Accommodative disorders or accommodative dysfunction
Reprezintă o problemă de focalizare, în special la apropiere.
Accommodative dysfunction is not so much a difficulty of seeing (or clarity) but a problem of maintaining accurate and comfortable focus, especially at near.
Accommodation may be affected by the following factors:
1. Refractive errors.
These are related to age and acquired vision disorders.
With age, the power of visual accommodation is reduced, due to changes in the ciliary muscle and the reduction of the elasticity of the lens.
Also, decreased accommodation capacity can occur due to eye diseases.
2. Infections and chronic intoxications, including drugs
Very often, against the background of infectious or toxic lesions, paresis or paralysis of visual accommodation develops, and the affected person loses the ability to visualize/work with objects located at small distances.
3. Intense visual work
It leads to a pathological state of accommodation (the spasm), the ciliary muscle being in constant tension, and distance vision is reduced. Therefore, accommodation is significantly affected.
Types of accommodative dysfunctions
1. Accommodative insufficiency
It represents the difficulty in effectively sustaining focus at near.
This is the most common type of accommodative dysfunction.
The increased effort required to maintain clear near vision can decrease performance on short-distance visual tasks.
2. Accommodative dysfunction
It is represented by the difficulty in effectively switching focus, that is, alternating focus, between a near object, another distant object, and back to the near object.
3. Accommodative spasm
It represents a spasm of the ciliary muscle, which prevents it from fully relaxing. This spasm generally causes blurred vision both near and far.
Physical symptoms of accommodative dysfunctions
- Blurred near vision
- Blurred, intermittent, distant vision after a period of reading
- Difficulty switching focus between near and far
- Eye fatigue
- Headaches – especially in the forehead or temples
- General fatigue, especially towards the end of the day or during sustained visual tasks
People with accommodative dysfunction may avoid close work (eg reading, writing, computer work), hold the material they are reading very close to or very far from their eyes, or have poor reading fluency or comprehension. They also often have difficulty copying from the board, difficulty sustaining attention (especially when working closely), have poor attention to detail, and may require frequent breaks to complete assigned tasks.
Accommodative dysfunction in children
Accommodative dysfunction is a relatively common visual impairment that can have a significant impact on a child's quality of life, often being misdiagnosed as ADD or ADHD.
Treatment
- prescription of appropriate lenses to reduce eye fatigue
- vision therapy
Surse suplimentare:
https://visionhelp.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/accommodative-dysfunction-in-children.pdf
